Microservice architecture vs Monolithic architecture

We'll use an example of an application to illustrate the differences between Microservice architecture and Monolithic architecture.  Let us take an e-commerce application which has the purpose of selling products online. In general all applications from this category require functionalities for browsing through available products, purchase them and placing orders which are later managed by administrators. And of course most of the e-commerce websites have some content which must be easily editable at any time from an administration dashboard.

Monolithic architecture

In the below diagram it is presented an e-commerce web application built following a monolithic architecture. As seen in the below diagram the data of the web application is stored in a single database. Products, website content, orders placed by customers and inventory information all stored in the same place. The web application has multiple purposes, first and most important to allow customers to browse through products and allow them to buy, secondly managing orders, content and maybe offering customers the possibility to create an account for managing different settings and subscriptions.

In this case the application built on a monolithic architecture offers both a web interface written using HTML, CSS and JavaScript and an Application Programming Interface which can be used by the clients such as Android or IOS smartphone apps.

Scaling for this type of application are often done both horizontally and vertically. The later means the assembly machine will get its hardware improved by adding additional RAM memory, disk storage or adding a far better CPU. Scaling vertically are often achieved by installing an equivalent version of the appliance on multiple nodes and putting a load balancer between the nodes and therefore the browser clients or API clients.

Microservice architecture

The below diagram shows a possible thanks to build the described e-commerce web application during a microservice architecture. As seen below the appliance was split into multiple small services each having its own purpose, managing orders, managing products, and managing content.

Each small service has its own database which contains the generated or used data by that specific service, so basically we don't have an enormous database but rather multiple small databases. This represents one among the large advantages of microservices because the scaling of the database horizontally becomes possible. in fact that a knowledge consistency issue appears when a posh flow, which passes through multiple services, fails somewhere within the middle of the processing. Assuring data consistency requires now tons of additional effort, something which was previously easily achieved using database transactions.

The earlier mentioned API Gateway stands ahead of the clients and incorporates the API offered by all microservices such the clients know only that API and aren't conscious of the opposite services behind it. this will be compared to the façade design pattern during which one entry point for the clients is obtainable . Following this architecture makes it easier to later change the implementation of the API of the services as long because the API of the Gateway still remains an equivalent .

Using Microservice architecture offers more options for scaling the appliance , for instance , one can install half the services on one node and therefore the spouse on the opposite node. One can install each service on a separate node or maybe install each service twice on two different nodes, on the other hand most likely a load balancer is required .

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