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View Definition and Types of Views in Snowflake
What is a View in Snowflake?
In Snowflake,
a view is a database object that allows users to query a predefined SQL
query as though it were a table. Unlike tables, views do not store actual data
but rather a query that retrieves data when accessed. Views are used to
simplify complex queries, abstract underlying tables, secure sensitive
information, and provide customized perspectives of data for different users.
They help in enhancing data security, performance, and maintainability of database
applications. Snowflake Online
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Views in Snowflake are "virtual," meaning
the data is not physically stored within the view. Instead, they dynamically
fetch the latest data from the base tables when queried. Snowflake Training
Types of Views in Snowflake
Snowflake
supports two primary types of views:
1. Standard Views (Non-Materialized Views)
Standard views are the most common type in Snowflake. They are simple,
lightweight, and are essentially a saved query that runs every time the view is
queried. The data is always fetched in real time from the underlying tables.
However, since the view executes its query each time it’s accessed, the
performance might be slower for large datasets or complex queries. Snowflake Online
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Key Features:
o
Dynamically
fetches fresh data from the underlying tables.
o
Does not
store any physical data.
o
Always
presents the latest data available in the source tables.
o
Suitable
for cases where data changes frequently, and up-to-date information is needed.
Example:
sql
Copy code
CREATE VIEW employee_view AS
SELECT id, name, department, salary
FROM employees;
2. Materialized Views
Unlike
standard views, materialized views store the result of the query physically in
Snowflake. They are automatically refreshed based on changes to the base tables
and provide faster query performance since the data is precomputed and stored.
Materialized views are beneficial when dealing with large datasets or complex
queries, as they eliminate the need to recompute data each time the view is
queried. However, they consume storage, and users must manage their refresh
schedules.
Key Features:
o
Stores query
results physically.
o
Provides
faster query performance for repeated queries.
o
Automatically
refreshed when underlying tables change.
o
Suitable
for read-heavy queries or scenarios where data doesn’t change frequently. Snowflake Online
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Example:
sql
Copy code
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW sales_view AS
SELECT product_id, SUM(quantity) AS total_quantity
FROM sales
GROUP BY product_id;
Key Differences Between Standard and Materialized Views
- Performance:
Materialized views offer better performance for repeated queries, while standard
views run the query each time, impacting performance. Snowflake
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- Storage:
Standard views do not consume storage, whereas materialized views do
because they store the results. Snowflake
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- Data Freshness: Standard
views always fetch the latest data, while materialized views may show
slightly stale data if not frequently refreshed.
Conclusion
Views in Snowflake
offer
powerful ways to simplify querying, secure sensitive data, and improve
performance for complex queries. Depending on the use case, standard views
provide real-time access to data, while materialized views deliver optimized
performance for read-heavy environments.
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